Contribution to Political Economy of Mass

Question: Discuss about the Contribution to Political Economy of Mass. Answer: Introduction: The Manuel Castells is the professor of the urban geography at Berkley who has written different books which include the geography, city as well as the information society. The Castells include the economic, social, political and the cultural factors where the focus is on the space as well as the changing roles of the nation state. (Castells, 1990). The social divisions are in the modern cities where the society tends to examine all the specific cases which are related to the information. Castells focus on the industrial age where the information of the technologies is the communication and biological factors. The society tends to remain capitalist with the basis where the acts change from the energy to the information. The economic productivity, as well as the communication technology, allow the space with globalization in a major form. The key feature of the social morphology is mainly to handle the operations as well as a focus of control that would lead to the hierarchical development. (Castells, 2000a). As per the views of Castell, the power is mainly in the network economy where the accounting, human resources are set with the capability to orient the standards as well as focus on the project oriented forms. The resources include the employees, consultants as well as the project details at the time of allocation of the tasks. The ability is based on participation in the network along with determining the goals of the network. (Castells, 2000b) The binary process is for the inclusion and the network exclusion where there is nothing for the network expansion. Capital and Labour Castell has been focusing on the information as well as the informational standards, where the society tends to focus on capitalism. The network economy with the information is necessary for the economic productivity as well as the development. The example is related to the flow of the capital resources which are set into the currencies, the commodity as well as the stocks that are based on the information that is on the relevant topics. The sense of information depends on increased productivity. (Castells 2001). The argument is mainly on the network operation with the ability to handle the goals as well as the contribution to the processing of work. The labor tends to hold the variable geometry of the network with individualization of the labor. The era is set for the production-based classes which end when there are workers with no major class. The settlement is to manage the work and fund the control where the replacement is mainly by the collective and the faceless capitalist of the network. The disappearance, exploitation and the differentiation process remain for the labor which is divided into the system labor. The goals are set with the networking economy where the non-labour includes the financial analysis, company officers as well as self-programmable labor. The generic work with the manufacturing and service industries can minimize the wage with the relevant standards to handle the switch-off forms. (Garham, 2001). The major points of Castells conceptualisation of self-programmable labour; The parts are for the power of capital which is set through the informational labor. The juncture of the different networks includes the power of the results, where Webster focus on the natural forms of the inequality standards through the inordinate social consequence. The primary affected factors are wealth, education and the social relationships which have been created by labor and addressed upon to check how the workers can handle the self-programmable factors. (Garnham, 2004a). The networked labor is for the self-programming labor which includes the financial analysis, company officers, who tends to manage the information. The flexibility and the skills are for the interests that coincide with the network goals. The generic labor includes the different workers with the natural resource, manufacturing as well as the service industries. This has been for the interchangeable forms as well as disposable standards where the goal is relegated to the class of the switch-off forms. (Castells, 2000b). The implications of Castells conceptualisation of self-programmable labour in the capability development of a university student. There are different consequences of the informational labor which includes the information society as well as the vast diversity of the tasks. The rubric of the information labor includes the interests and values where the workers are set as a group. Webster tends to provide the best example for the stockbrokers, surgeons and the journalists. The relation is set mainly in between the occupation as well as the information to work in the information age with the capitalist mode of development. It could lead to the power which has been usurped or unused by the networks. (Castells, 2000b). Castells also claim for the age of the network economy, information that is essential for the productivity. The network operations with the production based class end where the power is mainly for the capitalists who have been able to shift and manage the networks with greater control. In this, the labor has been divided into the system, where the standards are based on maintaining the economy as well as the better realm. The power is separated from the political presentation, production from the consumption or any information from the communication. (Castells, 2000b). The enforcement is also to disarticulate the masses and work on the development of the network with proper setup of the goals. The space of the flow of the places is with the social, cultural and the historical formats, where the communities tend to orient and work on the tribal identity. The culture and the position are set downwards to the regional and the communal groups where the network is for the communities to r epresent the population that is in between the nodes of the network. For the production and the development, there is a proper relationship set for the transactions as well as the destabilization process which is for the social time as well as the technological discontinuity. Hence, this could be mainly of the contemporary life standards, where the role is set for the production, as well as information labor and capitalism. The modes of production and development determine the distribution where the productivity could easily be for the surplus production. The problem by Webster is for the development modes which affect the social relations as well as the production models. (Castells, 2000b). The Castells protestations are to the contrary with the technological development, where the productivity is based on the input and the output of the energy as well as making it possible for in providing the system efficiency. Webster tends to determine the production role as well as the capital where the goal of accumulation is set to determine the relations of property. Conclusion The control is on the Castells analysis, where the connections are set to draw and examine the value of the forces that dissolve the sovereignty of the nation. As per Garnham's, Castell's treatment of productivity is based on the study where the information technology and the adoption of the different standards include the productivity growth for the various forms of the non-farm business sector. (Castells, 2000a). With this, there has been internationalization of the economy which is necessary for the information technology. The accounting policy is set with the social forces where the impact is on examination of society as well as the production relations. Reference Castells, M. (1990).The infomational city: A framework for social change. Canada: University of Toronto. Castells, M. (2000a). Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society.British Journal of SociologyVol. No. 51 Issue No. 1 (January/March 2000) pp. 5-24. Castells, M. (2000b).The rise of the network society (2nd ed.). U.S.: Blackwell Publishing. Castells, M. (2001).The internet galaxy. U.K.: Oxford University Press. Friedmann, J. (2004). Reading Castells: zeitdiagnose and social theory. In F. Webster B. Dimitriou (Eds.),Manuel Castells, Volume III (pp. 152-164). London: Sage Publications. Garnham, N. (2001). Contribution to a political economy of mass-communication. In M.G. Durnham D. M. Kellner (Eds.),Media and cultural studies(pp. 225-252). U.S.: Blackwell Publishing. Garnham, N. (2004a). Information society theory as ideology. In F. Webster (Ed.),The Information Society Reader. New York: Routledge.